It’s unclear. Many numbers have been tossed around.

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A 2019 memo prepared by Jones & DeMille Engineering, Inc. summing up a feasibility study done by R.L. Banks & Associates, Inc. said the railway “...would facilitate increased oil production in the Uinta Basin in the range of 225,000 to 350,000...” barrels of oil per day. The memo says current production in the region is around 80,000 to 85,000 barrels per day. An increase of this magnitude would mean oil extraction in the Uinta Basin would roughly quadruple. More recently, proponents have indicated that a minimum of 130,000 barrels per day would have to be transported for the railway to be feasible.

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Note: one barrel = 42 gallons of oil.